Evaluación de la capacidad de centrado y transporte apical de los sistemas Reciproc Blue y XP-endo Shaper / Evaluation of the centering and apical transport capacity of Reciproc Blue and XP-endo Shaper systems

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la capacidad de centrado y el transporte apical de los sistemas Reciproc Blue y XP-endo Shaper en bloques de resina con fotografías pre y posoperatorias yuxtapuestas, mediante un programa de análisis de imágenes. Materiales y Métodos: Se dividieron al azar 20 tacos de resina en dos grupos (n=10) preparados con XP-endo Sha- per y Reciproc Blue respectivamente. Se tomaron fotografías digitales de los tacos, antes y después de la preparación con cada sistema en una misma posición. Luego las fotografías obtenidas fueron yuxtapuestas mediante el software Photo shop. Se midieron las desviaciones del centro del conducto con respecto a la pared interna y externa del mismo en diversos puntos de referencia preestablecidos. Estos datos fueron analizados estadísticamente con el test de ANOVA. Resultados: Ambos sistemas produjeron transporte y desviación respecto a la trayectoria original del conducto radicular, pero el análisis estadístico (ANOVA Factorial 2x8) no cuantificó diferencias significativas entre ambos sistemas (p=0,4044) Conclusiones: Bajo las condiciones de este trabajo, ambos sistemas producen transporte y desviación respecto a la trayectoria original del conducto radicular.

Abstract Aim: To compare the centering capacity and apical transport of the Reciproc Blue and X-Pendo Shaper system in resin blocks with juxtaposed pre and postoperative photographs, using the Photoshop software. Materials and methods: 20 resin plugs were randomly divided into two groups (n=10) that were prepared with XP-endo Shaper and Reciproc Blue respectively. Digital photographs of the blocks were taken, before and after preparation, with each system in the same position. Then the obtained photographs were juxtaposed using Photoshop software. The deviations of the center of the canal, with respect to its inter nal and external wall, were measured at various pre-established reference points. These data were statistically analysed with the ANOVA test. Results: Both systems produced transport and deviation from the original trajectory of the root canal, but the statistical analysis (2x8 Factorial ANOVA) did not quantify significant differences between both systems (p=0.4044) Conclusions: Under the conditions of this work, both systems produce transport and deviation with respect to the original trajectory of the root canal.

Evaluation of pH and calcium ion diffusion from calcium hydroxide pastes and MTA / Evaluación del pH y la difusión de iones calciode pastas de hidróxido de calcio y MTA

The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate changes in pH andcalcium ion diffusion through root dentin from calcium hydroxide(Ca (OH)2) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) pastes at 7,30 and 60 days; and the relationship between pH and iondiffusion. Thirty­two human premolars were used. Crowns weresectioned and root canals instrumented and filled in with thefollowing preparations: 1) Ca(OH)2 + distilled water (n=7); 2)Ca(OH)2 + 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (n=7); 3) MTA +distilled water (n=7); 4) MTA + 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate(CHX) (n=7); 5) distilled water (n=2) (control); 6) 0.1%chlorhexidine gluconate (n=2) (control). The apex and coronaryopening were sealed with IRM. Roots were placed in Eppendorftubes with 1 ml distilled water at 37°C and 100% humidity. Atbaseline, 7, 30 and 60 days, pH was measured with pH meter,and calcium ion content in the solution was analyzed by atomicabsorption spectrophotometry. The data were statisticallyanalyzed using ANOVA, simple linear regression analysis andPearson’s correlation test. The highest pH values were achievedwith calcium hydroxide pastes at 60 days (p ≤ 0.05). Calciumions were released in all groups. The calcium hydroxide pastewith distilled water at 60 days had the highest calcium ion value(p ≤ 0.01). There was a positive correlation between calcium andpH values.

El objetivo de este estudio ex vivo fue evaluar los cambios en elpH y la difusión a través de la dentina radicular de iones calcioa partir de pastas de hidróxido de calcio (Ca (OH)2) y trióxidomineral agregado (MTA), durante 7, 30 y 60 días; y la relaciónentre el pH y la difusión de iones. Se utilizaron 32 premolareshumanos. Las coronas fueron seccionadas, los conductos radicu ­lares fueron instrumentados y obturados con las siguientespreparaciones: 1) Ca (OH)2 + agua destilada (n = 7); 2)Ca (OH)2 + gluconato de clorhexidina (CHX) al 0,1% (n = 7);3) MTA + agua destilada (n = 7); 4) MTA + gluconato declorhexidina al 0,1% (n = 7); 5) agua destilada (n = 2) (control);6) gluconato de clorhexidina al 0,1% (n = 2) (control). El ápicey la apertura coronaria se sellaron con IRM. Las raíces secolocaron en tubos Eppendorf con 1 ml de agua destilada a37 °C y 100% de humedad. Se midió el pH inicial y a los 7, 30 y60 días, con pHmetro, y se analizó el contenido de iones calcioen la solución por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Losdatos fueron analizados estadísticamente con ANOVA, análisisde regresión lineal y correlación de Pearson. Los valores de pHmás altos se obtuvieron con las pastas de hidróxido de calcio alos 60 días (p ≤ 0,05). Todos los grupos mostraron liberación deiones calcio. La pasta de hidróxido de calcio con agua destiladamostró el valor más alto de iones calcio a los 60 días (p ≤ 0,01).Hubo una correlación positiva entre los valores de pH y calcio.

Changes in pH of irrigating solutions after contact with human root dentin / Variaciones del ph de soluciones de irrigación endodónticas en contacto con dentina radicular humana

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar in vitro el comportamiento del pH de diferentes soluciones de irrigación endodónticas, usadas solas o en forma consecutiva, después del contacto con dientes humanos extraídos. Se seleccionaron premolares inferiores. El tercio medio radicular se dividió en 6 partes. Los especímenes obtenidos se dividieron en 6 grupos,de acuerdo a la solución de irrigación empleada: 1) agua destilada; 2) NaClO 1 por ciento; 3) Ácido Cítrico 1 por ciento (AC); 4) EDTA 17 por ciento; 5) AC 1 por ciento + NaClO 1 por ciento ; 6) EDTA 17 por ciento + NaClO 1 por ciento. Los especímenes fueron sumergidos en 1 mL de cada solucióna 37°C. Aquellos del grupo 1, 2 y 3 durante 5 minutos, y el resto, consecutivamente 2,5 minutos. Se determinaron pH inicial y final para cada solución. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando Test T, ANOVA y Test de comparaciones múltiples de Tukey. A los 2,5 y 5 minutos de exposición hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el pH inicial y final en todas las soluciones. El pH disminuyó en el caso de agua destilada e NaClO, mientras que aumentó en AC y EDTA. In vitro, el pH de todas las soluciones se modificó después del contacto con dentina radicular humana en ambos períodos de tiempo (2,5 y 5 minutos).

The aim of this study was to analyze the in vitro behavior of the pH of different irrigating solutions, used alone or consecutively, after contact with extracted human teeth. Mandibular human premolars were selected. The middle thirds were divided into 6 parts. The specimens obtained were divided into 6 groups and treated with irrigating solutions: 1) distilled water; 2) 1% NaOCl; 3) 1% Citric Acid (CA); 4) 17% EDTA; 5) 1% CA + 1% NaOCl; 6) 17% EDTA + 1% NaOCl. Specimens were immersed in 1 mL of each solution at 37ºC, those of groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, for 5 minutes, and the rest, consecutively for 2.5 minutes in each solution. Initial and final pH of the solutions were determined. Data were analyzed by the T Test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison Test. At 2.5 and 5 minutes there were significant differences between the initial and final pH for all solutions. The pH values decreased for distilled water and NaOCl, while they increased for CA and EDTA. In vitro, the pH of all solutions was modified after contact with root dentin at both test times (2.5 and 5 min).

Contenido químico de soluciones después de la irrigación del conducto radicular dentario / Chemical content of solutions after irrigation of the tooth root canal / Conteúdo químico das soluções após a irrigação do canal dentário radicular

Durante el tratamiento endodóntico, la irrigación del conducto radicular permite remover los residuos de los túbulos dentinarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el contenido de soluciones de irrigación extraídas del conducto radicular luego de la pulpectomía en dientes con pulpitis y con necrosis pulpar, con el fin de determinar aquéllas menos agresivas sobre la dentina radicular. Se trabajó en 80 dientes humanos superiores unirradiculares y con NaClO 1%, EDTA 17%, Ca(OH)2 1%, clorhexidina 0,2% y agua destilada. Se aspiró el contenido de tres irrigaciones y se determinó pH, proteínas totales, hidroxiprolina, calcio y fósforo. El pH de las soluciones no tuvo cambios significativos. La mayor concentración de proteínas se halló en los aspirados con NaClO de dientes con necrosis y con EDTA de pulpitis, revelando mayor número de bandas por electroforesis con esta última solución. El contenido de hidroxiprolina fue mayor con Ca(OH)2 y con clorhexidina, y el de fósforo con EDTA y con NaClO para ambos tipos de dientes. Se detectó calcio con NaClO y clorhexidina. No hubo resultados diferentes entre dientes con pulpitis y con necrosis pulpar en todas las determinaciones químicas. Las soluciones de NaClO y EDTA resultaron eficaces en la eliminación de restos orgánicos de los conductos radiculares. Sin embargo, NaClO eliminó también calcio y fósforo; y la solución de EDTA, fósforo, posiblemente provenientes de la hidroxiapatita y de complejos proteicos de la dentina.

During endodontic treatment, irrigation of the root canal makes it possible to remove remainders of the dentin tubules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of extracted irrigation solutions of root canals after pulpectomy in teeth with pulpitis and pulp necrosis, in order to determine those Enless aggressive on root dentine. Work was performed on 80 unirradicular upper human teeth, with 1% NaClO, 17% EDTA, 1% Ca(OH)2, 0.2% chlorhexidine and distilled water. The content of three irrigations was aspired and pH, total proteins, hydroxiproline, calcium and phosphor were determined. pH of the solutions showed no significant changes. A greater protein concentration was obtained with NaClO from teeth with necrosis and with EDTA from teeth with pulpitis; the greatest number of electrophoretic bands were revealed with EDTA. The hydroxiproline content was greater with Ca(OH)2 and with chlorhexidine, and that of phosphor was greater with EDTA and with NaClO for both types of teeth. Calcium was detected with NaClO and chlorhexidine. There were no different results between teeth with pulpitis and those with pulp necrosis in all chemical determinations. NaClO and EDTA solutions were effective in the elimination of organic rests from the root canal. Nevertheless, NaClO also eliminated calcium and phosphor, and the EDTA solution eliminated phosphor, possibly originated from hydroxiapatite and from protein complexes of dentin.

Durante o tratamento do endodóntico, a irrigação do canal radicular permite remover os resíduoss dos túbulos dentinários. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conteúdo das soluções de irrigação extraídas do canal radicular após a pulpectomia em dentes com pulpite e com necrose pulpar, com a finalidade de determinar aquelas menos agresivas sobre a dentina radicular. O trabalho foi em 80 dentes humanos superiores unirradiculares e com NaClO 1%, EDTA 17%, Ca(OH)2 1%, clorexidina 0.2% e água destilada. Foi aspirado o conteúdo de três irrigações e se determinou pH, proteínas totais, hidroxiprolina, cálcio e fósforo. O pH das soluções não teve mudanças significativas. A maior concentração de proteínas foi encontrada nas aspirações com NaClO de dentes com necrose e o EDTA da pulpite, revelando maior número de faixas por eletroforese com esta última solução. O conteúdo de hidroxiprolina foi maior com Ca(OH)2 e com clorexidina, e o de fósforo com EDTA e com NaClO para ambos os tipos de dentes. Foi detectado cálcio com NaClO e clorexidina. Não houve resultados diferentes entre dentes com pulpite e com necrose pulpar em todas as determinações químicas. As soluções de NaClO e EDTA resultaram eficazes na eliminação de restos orgânicos dos condutos radiculares. Entretanto, NaClO eliminou também cálcio e fósforo; e a solução de EDTA, fósforo, possivelmente provenientes da hidroxiapatita e de complexos proteicos da dentina.

Contenido químico de soluciones después de la irrigación del conducto radicular dentario / Chemical content of solutions after irrigation of the tooth root canal / Conteúdo químico das soluþ§es após a irrigaþÒo do canal dentário radicular

Durante el tratamiento endodóntico, la irrigación del conducto radicular permite remover los residuos de los túbulos dentinarios. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el contenido de soluciones de irrigación extraídas del conducto radicular luego de la pulpectomía en dientes con pulpitis y con necrosis pulpar, con el fin de determinar aquéllas menos agresivas sobre la dentina radicular. Se trabajó en 80 dientes humanos superiores unirradiculares y con NaClO 1%, EDTA 17%, Ca(OH)2 1%, clorhexidina 0,2% y agua destilada. Se aspiró el contenido de tres irrigaciones y se determinó pH, proteínas totales, hidroxiprolina, calcio y fósforo. El pH de las soluciones no tuvo cambios significativos. La mayor concentración de proteínas se halló en los aspirados con NaClO de dientes con necrosis y con EDTA de pulpitis, revelando mayor número de bandas por electroforesis con esta última solución. El contenido de hidroxiprolina fue mayor con Ca(OH)2 y con clorhexidina, y el de fósforo con EDTA y con NaClO para ambos tipos de dientes. Se detectó calcio con NaClO y clorhexidina. No hubo resultados diferentes entre dientes con pulpitis y con necrosis pulpar en todas las determinaciones químicas. Las soluciones de NaClO y EDTA resultaron eficaces en la eliminación de restos orgánicos de los conductos radiculares. Sin embargo, NaClO eliminó también calcio y fósforo; y la solución de EDTA, fósforo, posiblemente provenientes de la hidroxiapatita y de complejos proteicos de la dentina.(AU)

During endodontic treatment, irrigation of the root canal makes it possible to remove remainders of the dentin tubules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of extracted irrigation solutions of root canals after pulpectomy in teeth with pulpitis and pulp necrosis, in order to determine those Enless aggressive on root dentine. Work was performed on 80 unirradicular upper human teeth, with 1% NaClO, 17% EDTA, 1% Ca(OH)2, 0.2% chlorhexidine and distilled water. The content of three irrigations was aspired and pH, total proteins, hydroxiproline, calcium and phosphor were determined. pH of the solutions showed no significant changes. A greater protein concentration was obtained with NaClO from teeth with necrosis and with EDTA from teeth with pulpitis; the greatest number of electrophoretic bands were revealed with EDTA. The hydroxiproline content was greater with Ca(OH)2 and with chlorhexidine, and that of phosphor was greater with EDTA and with NaClO for both types of teeth. Calcium was detected with NaClO and chlorhexidine. There were no different results between teeth with pulpitis and those with pulp necrosis in all chemical determinations. NaClO and EDTA solutions were effective in the elimination of organic rests from the root canal. Nevertheless, NaClO also eliminated calcium and phosphor, and the EDTA solution eliminated phosphor, possibly originated from hydroxiapatite and from protein complexes of dentin.(AU)

Durante o tratamento do endodóntico, a irrigaþÒo do canal radicular permite remover os resíduoss dos túbulos dentinários. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conteúdo das soluþ§es de irrigaþÒo extraídas do canal radicular após a pulpectomia em dentes com pulpite e com necrose pulpar, com a finalidade de determinar aquelas menos agresivas sobre a dentina radicular. O trabalho foi em 80 dentes humanos superiores unirradiculares e com NaClO 1%, EDTA 17%, Ca(OH)2 1%, clorexidina 0.2% e água destilada. Foi aspirado o conteúdo de trÛs irrigaþ§es e se determinou pH, proteínas totais, hidroxiprolina, cálcio e fósforo. O pH das soluþ§es nÒo teve mudanþas significativas. A maior concentraþÒo de proteínas foi encontrada nas aspiraþ§es com NaClO de dentes com necrose e o EDTA da pulpite, revelando maior número de faixas por eletroforese com esta última soluþÒo. O conteúdo de hidroxiprolina foi maior com Ca(OH)2 e com clorexidina, e o de fósforo com EDTA e com NaClO para ambos os tipos de dentes. Foi detectado cálcio com NaClO e clorexidina. NÒo houve resultados diferentes entre dentes com pulpite e com necrose pulpar em todas as determinaþ§es químicas. As soluþ§es de NaClO e EDTA resultaram eficazes na eliminaþÒo de restos orgÔnicos dos condutos radiculares. Entretanto, NaClO eliminou também cálcio e fósforo; e a soluþÒo de EDTA, fósforo, possivelmente provenientes da hidroxiapatita e de complexos proteicos da dentina.(AU)

Contenido orgánico de extractos parcialmente purificados de pulpa dental humana y bovina / Organic content of human and bovine dental pulp partially purified extracts / Conteúdo orgânico de extratos parcialmente purificado de polpa dentária humana e bovina

La pulpa dental contiene tejido conectivo rico en proteínas, mayormente colágeno. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir un método de purificación de componentes orgánicos pulpares humanos y bovinos, vital y necrótico para validar el modelo experimental bovino. Se prepararon extractos con 50 mg de fracción media de pulpas unirradiculares, 20 humanas o 1 bovina, en 500 µL de Tris-HCl 50 mM pH 7,4, floruro de fenil metil sulfonilo 1mM e hidrocloruro de benzamidina 5 mM frío. Se homogeneizó y centrifugó a 10000 rpm. Los sobrenadantes fueron parcialmente purificados con sulfato de protamina 1%, los sedimentos resuspendidos y dializados 2 horas con recambio en acetato de sodio 500 mM pH 6. Se determinaron proteínas, hidroxiprolina e hidratos de carbono, y se calculó el rendimiento según el contenido de hidroxiprolina. Se aplicó electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida. Se encontró mayor contenido orgánico en tejido humano que en bovino, y en vital que en necrótico. Por hidroxiprolina/proteínas y rendimiento, el extracto bovino contendría mayor proporción de colágeno. En pulpas humanas se obtuvieron bandas a 78 y 80 kDa, y en bovinas a 74 y 76 kDa. No hubo diferencias entre tejido vital y necrótico. Las evidencias cuali y cuantitativas expresadas validarían al modelo bovino en investigaciones endodónticas.

The dental pulp contains connective tissue and is rich in proteins, mainly collagen. The aim of this study was to describe a purification method for organic compounds of human and bovine pulp tissues, either vital as necrotic, in order to validate the experimental bovine model. Extracts of 50 mg of the middle fraction of one root pulp teeth, 20 humans or 1 bovine, in 500 µL of cold 50 mM Tris - HCl pH 7.4, 1 mM phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride and 5 mM benzamidine hydrochloride were prepared. Extracts were homogenized and centrifuged at 10000 rpm. Supernatants were partially purified with 1% protamine sulphate, sediments re-suspended and dialyzed during 2 hours with a spare in 500 mM sodium acetate pH 6. Proteins, hydroxiproline and carbohydrates were determined, and the yield of the process was calculated according to the hydroxiproline content. Poliacrylamide gel electrophoresis was applied. A greater organic content was found in human than in bovine tissue, and in vital rather than in the necrotic one. Hydroxyproline/ proteins and yield evidenced that bovine extract would contain a larger proportion of collagen. Bands at 78 and 80 kDa in human pulp and at 74 and 76 kDa in the bovine tissue were observed. There was no difference between vital and necrotic tissues. The qualitative and quantitative evidences expressed in this work would validate the bovine research endodontic model.

A polpa dentária contém tecido conectivo rico em proteínas, na sua maioria colágeno. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever um método de puriIcação de componentes orgânicos da polpa dos humanos e bovinos, vitales e necróticos para validar o modelo experimental bovino. Foram preparados extratos com 50 mg de fração média de polpas unirradiculares, 20 humanas ou 1 bovina em 500 µL de Tris-HCl 50 mM pH 7,4, fenil-metil-sulfonil Juoreto 1 mM e hidrocloreto de benzamidina 5 mM frio. Foi homogeneizado e centrifugado a 10.000 rpm. Os sobrenadantes foram parcialmente puriIcados com sulfatos de protamina 1%, os sedimentos ressuspensos e dialisados 2 horas com recâmbio em acetato de sódio 500 mM pH 6. Foram determinadas proteínas, hidroxiprolina e hidratos de carbono e se calculou o rendimento conforme o conteúdo de hidroxiprolina. Foi aplicada eletroforese em géis de poliacrilamida. Maior conteúdo orgânico foi encontrado em tecido humano que em bovino e em vital que em necrótico. Por hidroxiprolina/proteínas e rendimento, o extrato bovino conteria maior proporção de colágeno. Em polpas humanas foram obtidas faixas a 78 e 80 kDa e em bovinas a 74 e 76 kDa. Não houve diferenças entre tecido vital e necrótico. As evidências qualitativas e quantitativas expressas validariam o modelo bovino em pesquisas endodônticas.

Effect of calcium hydroxide pastes on uninstrumented canal wall studied with scanning electron microscopy.

Calcium hydroxide (Calpha(OH)2) paste has been used as a root canal dressing for long time and promotes healing of vital pulp and periapical tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissolving effect of calcium hydroxide paste mixed with different vehicles on uninstrumented canal walls using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty one recently extracted single-root teeth were used. The crowns were removed and the root sections were divided longitudinally into two halves. The pulp tissue was removed and the specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups. The control group was immediately fixed without any treatment. The canals in the other groups were filled with the different calcium hydroxide pastes: group 1 (n = 6), with saline solution; group 2 (n = 6) with propylene glycol; group 3 (n = 6) with propylene glycol and camphorated p-monochlorophenol; group 4 (n = 6) with sodium hypochlorite; group 5 (n = 6) with chorhexidine 1%, group 6 (n = 6) with iodine potassium iodide 0.1/0.2%. The specimens were kept in an incubator at 100% humidity and 37 degrees C, removed after 14 days, and washed ultrasonically for 10 min. Then they were fixed with glutaraldehyde and examined with scanning electron microscopy The percentage of organic remains and paste were evaluated and scored. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal- Wallis test. In groups 1, 5 and 2 there were more cavities without organic remains than in the other groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference among them (p > 0.05). The paste in group 3 cleaned only 5%. In groups 4, 6 and 7 (control) the canals walls were wholly covered with fiber, cells, and residual paste, the percentage cleaned was 0. This study shows that Calpha(OH)2 pastes with saline solution, with chlorhexidine and with propylene glycol have a greater dissolving effect on the canal walls than the other pastes evaluated.

Effect of calcium hydroxide pastes on uninstrumented canal wall studied with scanning electron microscopy

La pasta de hidróxido de calcio (Ca (OH)2) es utilizada como medicación intermedia, por sus propiedades biológicas y antibacterianas, disminuyendo clínicamente los síntomas entre sesiones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la acción de disolución sobre el tejido pulpar de pastas de Ca(OH)2 en paredes denti -narias radiculares sin instrumentar, mediante Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido (MEB). Se utilizaron 21 dientes humanos unirradiculares recientemente extraídos, a los cuales se les eliminó la corona y se cortaron longitudinalmente en mitades. La pulpa se extrajo con pinza de algodón. Luego fueron divididas al azar en 7 grupos, al grupo control, no se le realizó ningún tratamiento; a los restantes grupos se les colocó lasdistintas pastas de Ca(OH)2; con solución fisiológica (n=6), con propilenglicol (n=6), con propilenglicol + paramonoclorofenol alcanforado (n=6), con hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl)1 por ciento (n=6), con gluconato de chorhexidina (CHX) 1 por ciento(n=6) ycon solución iodada de ioduro de potasio (IKI) 0,1 por ciento / 0,2 por ciento(n=6). Las piezas se mantuvieron a 37ºC en condiciones de 100 por ciento de humedad durante 14 días. Luego se lavaron con ultrasonido durante 10 minutos y se fijaron con glutaraldehídopara ser observadas al microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB). El porcentaje de restos orgánicos y pasta fueron evaluados me diante un score. Los datos se analizaron con el testde Kruskal- Wallis. Los grupos 1, 5 y 2 presentaron mayores porcentajes de limpieza con respecto a las demás pastas utilizadas (p<0.05), sin encontrarse diferencias significativasentre ellas (p>0.05). La pasta 3 mostró un porcentaje de un 5% de limpieza. Este trabajo mostró que las pastas de Ca(OH)2 con solución fisiológica, con CHX y propilenglicol fueron mas efectivas conrespecto a la acción de disolución sobre las células odontoblásticas de las paredes dentinarias.

Protein content in irrigating solutions in contact with pulp tissue.

Endodontic irrigating solutions may have different effects, one of which is dissolving pulp tissue. The capacity of different irrigants to dissolve vital and necrotic pulp tissue was evaluated in vitro by means of a quantitative and qualitative study of total soluble pulp protein. Vital pulps and pulps with induced necrosis from young bovine teeth were used. Pulp was cut into smaller pieces, weighed and placed in 1 ml of 1% and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% and 5% calcium hydroxide, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% tea and distilled water as a control, and kept at 37 degrees. Samples of 20 microl were taken at 30 and 90 minutes and 20 hours. Total protein was dosed using the Lowry method and soluble protein bands were determined by electrophoresis (12% SDS-Page). The results were analyzed using Anova. Chemical analysis of the electrophoretic runs of bovine pulp protein showed that both concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide produce denaturation of proteins. No solvent action was found with chlorhexidine, tea or distilled water.

Protein content in irrigating solutions in contact with pulp tissue

Las soluciones de irrigación endodóntica pueden tener distintas accionesLas soluciones de irrigación endodóntica pueden tener distintas acciones. Una de ellas es la de disolver el tejido pulpar. Seevaluó in vitro la capacidad de diferentes soluciones de irrigaciónpara disolver tejido pulpar vital y necrótico mediante un estudio cuanti y cualitativo de proteínas pulpares totales solubles. Se utilizaron pulpas de dientes de bovinos jóvenes, vitales y con necrosis inducida. Se seccionaron en trozos pequeños, que se pesaron y colocaron en 1 ml de las siguientes soluciones: hipoclorito de sodio al 1por ciento y 2,5 por ciento, hidróxido de calcio al 1 por ciento y 5 por ciento, gluconato de clorhexidina al 0,2 por ciento, té al 1 por ciento y aguadestilada (control). Se colocaron a 37°C y se extrajeron muestras de 20 μl a luego de 30 min, 90 min y 20 hs. Se dosaron proteínas totales utilizando el método de Lowry y por electroforesis(SDS-Page 12 por ciento). Se determinaron bandas de proteínassolubles. Los resultados se analizaron por Anova En el analisis químico, de las corridas electroforéticas de proteínaspulpares bovinas se evidenció que tanto el hipoclorito de sodio en ambas concentraciones como el hidróxido de calcio producen desnaturalización de proteínas. No se demuestra acción solvente con clorhexidina, té y agua destilada.

A scanning electron microscopy evaluation of different root canal irrigating solutions.

The efficacy of solutions to remove the smear layer from human teeth was evaluated. One and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1 and 5% calcium hydroxide, 0.2% (solution) and 2% (gel) chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% tea and distilled water as control were assessed. Fifty-six freshly extracted permanent human incisors were selected. Access cavities, conductometric measurements and apical sealing with wax were performed. Root canals were instrumented up to a #40 file at the apical level and with the step-back technique up to #60 file and irrigated with 25 ml of each solution. Roots were longitudinally cut and cleaning of dentinal walls in the coronal, middle and apical thirds was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The ANOVA test showed no statistically significant differences between the thirds treated with the same solution (p = 0.562), but showed differences between solutions (p = 0). Although none of the solutions showed complete elimination of the smear layer, sodium hyplochlorite solutions were the most efficientfollowed by calcium hydroxide solutions and chlorhexidine. Tea and distilled water were less effective.

A scanning electron microscopy evaluation of different root canal irrigating solutions

Se observó la efectividad de las siguientes soluciones de irrigación: hipoclorito de sodio 1 y 2.5 por ciento, agua y lechada de cal, gluconato de clorhexidina 0,2 por ciento (líquido) y gluconato de clorhexidina 2 por ciento (gel), té 1 por ciento y agua destilada como testigo, en la remoción del barro dentinario de las paredes el conducto dentinario. Se emplearon 56 dientes humanos ánterosuperiores; se realizaron las cavidades de acceso, la conductometría y se selló con cera el ápice. Los conductos fueron instrumentados con lima tipo K hasta #40 en la zona apical y técnica coronoapical hasta una lima Nº60; las piezas fueron irrigadas con 25 ml de cada una de las ocho soluciones. Las raíces se cortaron longitudinalmente y se evaluó la limpieza de las paredes dentinarias en los tercios coronario, medio y apical con microscopio electrónico de barrido. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con el test de ANOVA, encontrándose diferencias no significativas entre los tres tercios con una mismna solución (p=0,562); pero mostraron diferencia significativa entre soluciones (p=0); aunque ninguna solución eliminó totalmente el barro dentinario, las de hipoclorito de sodio mostraron ser más eficaces, seguidas de agua y lechada de cal y en menor proporción clorhexidina, té y agua destilada

A scanning electron microscopy evaluation of different root canal irrigating solutions

Se observó la efectividad de las siguientes soluciones de irrigación: hipoclorito de sodio 1 y 2.5 por ciento, agua y lechada de cal, gluconato de clorhexidina 0,2 por ciento (líquido) y gluconato de clorhexidina 2 por ciento (gel), té 1 por ciento y agua destilada como testigo, en la remoción del barro dentinario de las paredes el conducto dentinario. Se emplearon 56 dientes humanos ánterosuperiores; se realizaron las cavidades de acceso, la conductometría y se selló con cera el ápice. Los conductos fueron instrumentados con lima tipo K hasta #40 en la zona apical y técnica coronoapical hasta una lima Nº60; las piezas fueron irrigadas con 25 ml de cada una de las ocho soluciones. Las raíces se cortaron longitudinalmente y se evaluó la limpieza de las paredes dentinarias en los tercios coronario, medio y apical con microscopio electrónico de barrido. Los

A scanning electron microscopy evaluation of different root canal irrigating solutions.

The efficacy of solutions to remove the smear layer from human teeth was evaluated. One and 2.5

sodium hypochlorite, 1 and 5

calcium hydroxide, 0.2

(solution) and 2

(gel) chlorhexidine gluconate, 1

tea and distilled water as control were assessed. Fifty-six freshly extracted permanent human incisors were selected. Access cavities, conductometric measurements and apical sealing with wax were performed. Root canals were instrumented up to a #40 file at the apical level and with the step-back technique up to #60 file and irrigated with 25 ml of each solution. Roots were longitudinally cut and cleaning of dentinal walls in the coronal, middle and apical thirds was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The ANOVA test showed no statistically significant differences between the thirds treated with the same solution (p = 0.562), but showed differences between solutions (p = 0). Although none of the solutions showed complete elimination of the smear layer, sodium hyplochlorite solutions were the most efficientfollowed by calcium hydroxide solutions and chlorhexidine. Tea and distilled water were less effective.

Influence of different vehicles on the pH of calcium hydroxide pastes.

The main known benefit of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament lies in the bactericidal effect conferred by its pH. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the vehicle on the pH of calcium hydroxide pastes after usage in patients and in vitro. The incisor root canals of 180 patients were instrumented and filled with calcium hydroxide pastes containing distilled water, chlorhexidine, propylene glycol, anesthetic solution, camphorated p-monochlorophenol and camphorated p-monochlorophenol-propylene glycol. The pH of the paste in the patients' root canals was measured at 7, 14 and 21 days. Similarly, pH was measured in vitro up to 21 days. The pH of all the pastes remained constant throughout the time periods assessed. The calcium hydroxide-water combination showed significantly higher pH values than the other pastes in clinical use. Comparative analysis showed that the pH values of the anesthetic solution, camphorated p-monochlorophenol and camphorated p-monochlorophenol-propylene glycol were significantly higher in vitro. The type of vehicle was shown to influence the final pH of the pastes. However, the alkalinity of all pastes was maintained over time under the experimental conditions.

Calcium hydroxide's association with different vehicles: In vitro action on some dentinal components.

OBJECTIVE: Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)(2), is a common intracanal medicament. Ca(OH)(2) powder can be mixed with different vehicles and used as a paste for temporary intracanal treatment. The vehicle may influence the dissociation of calcium hydroxide into ions. We sought to evaluate the level of pH and to quantitatively estimate the release of proteins, hydroxyproline, and phosphorus from pieces of radicular dentin kept in different Ca(OH)(2) solutions. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-eight extracted incisors were maintained for 35 days in Ca(OH)(2) aqueous solutions prepared in chlorhexidine digluconate, propylene glycol (PG), anesthetic solution, camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP), and CMCP-PG. The control solution contained Ca(OH)(2) without vehicle. RESULTS: The pH values changed little during the experiment. The concentrations of proteins, hydroxyproline, and phosphorus rose for all the solutions under study. Statistical analysis of the data from the control and the experimental groups revealed an increase in the concentration of proteins when chlorhexidine, anesthetic solution, and PG were used; a rise in hydroxyproline levels when CMCP-PG, CMCP, and PG solutions were used; and an increase in phosphorus when PG and chlorhexidine vehicles were used. CONCLUSION: The test solutions with the root dentin remained alkaline. A release of proteins, hydroxyproline, and phosphorus was observed.